Research from Arizona State University has unveiled concerning evidence that a common nutrient deficiency may be adversely affecting the brains of young adults. The study, published on November 27, 2025, indicates that low levels of choline—a nutrient essential for brain and liver health—are correlated with early signs of brain stress that resemble those found in cognitive impairment.
The research team studied young adults with obesity and discovered that many exhibited higher levels of inflammation, liver strain, and elevated neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker of neuron injury. These biological markers suggest that metabolic disruptions may start influencing brain health much earlier than previously thought, potentially paving the way for cognitive decline.
Understanding the Connection Between Obesity and Brain Health
It is well established that obesity can lead to various chronic health conditions, including heart disease and type 2 diabetes. However, the findings from this study highlight the potential early impacts on brain function. The researchers observed increased levels of inflammation-promoting proteins and liver stress indicators in participants with obesity. They also reported elevated NfL levels, typically associated with neuronal damage and neurodegeneration.
According to Ramon Velazquez, the lead researcher from the ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, “This research adds to the growing evidence that choline is a valuable marker of metabolic and brain dysfunction.” Velazquez emphasized the importance of adequate daily choline intake for overall health, particularly as low choline levels have been linked to behavioral changes such as anxiety and memory issues.
Choline’s Role in Brain and Liver Function
Choline is crucial for various bodily functions, including the structure of cell membranes, inflammation regulation, and the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter vital for memory. The study revealed that participants with obesity had significantly lower circulating choline levels, which corresponded with pronounced inflammation and signs of brain injury.
Dietary sources of choline include eggs, poultry, fish, beans, and cruciferous vegetables like broccoli and cauliflower. Notably, the research found that women had lower choline levels than men, raising concerns as women face higher risks of cognitive aging and Alzheimer’s disease. National nutrition surveys indicate that many individuals, particularly teenagers and young adults, do not meet recommended choline intake.
Wendy Winslow, a co-author of the study, pointed out, “Most people don’t realize they aren’t getting enough choline. Adding choline-rich foods to your routine can help reduce inflammation and support both your body and brain as you age.”
Implications for Obesity Treatments
The advent of modern weight-loss drugs has revolutionized obesity treatment, significantly aiding individuals in losing weight and improving metabolic health. However, the appetite-suppressing effects of GLP-1 medications may lead to insufficient intake of choline and other essential nutrients. The researchers advocate for further studies to explore whether ensuring adequate dietary choline alongside these therapies can enhance metabolic resilience and overall health.
The study involved 30 participants in their 20s and 30s, equally divided between those with obesity and those of healthy weight. Each participant provided a fasting blood sample, which was analyzed for various factors, including circulating choline and inflammatory cytokines. The consistent patterns observed—lower choline levels and higher markers of inflammation and neuronal damage in those with obesity—underscore the urgent need to address nutrient deficiencies among this demographic.
The findings align with earlier rodent studies indicating that inadequate choline intake can lead to obesity and increase the risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. As Jessica Judd, a co-author of the study, noted, “Our results suggest that, in young adults, good metabolic health and adequate choline contribute to neuronal health, laying the groundwork for healthy aging.”
Overall, this research sheds light on the significant link between obesity, inflammation, and early neuronal stress, suggesting that metabolic disorders might accelerate cognitive decline. While causation has not been established, identifying these biomarkers could lead to new strategies for protecting brain health throughout life. Ongoing investigations will further explore how early metabolic stress impacts the long-term risk of neurodegenerative diseases.
