Switzerland is advocating for the recognition of yodeling as an intangible cultural heritage by UNESCO, the United Nations cultural agency based in Paris. This initiative aims to celebrate yodeling, a vocal tradition that has evolved from its historical roots in the Swiss Alps to a contemporary art form. A decision regarding this recognition is anticipated by the end of December 2023.
Yodeling, characterized by rapid shifts between low and high pitches, began as a means of communication among herders in the mountainous regions. According to professor Nadja Räss from the Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts (HSLU), modern yodeling transcends its origins. It has transformed into a popular musical genre, integrating into various styles including classical, jazz, and folk music. The tradition has gained international traction, with American country artists prominently incorporating yodeling into their songs during the late 1920s and 1930s.
The Swiss government reports that approximately 12,000 yodelers are active today, organized into around 780 groups under the Swiss Yodeling Association. Julien Vuilleumier, a scientific adviser at the Federal Office of Culture, notes the challenges in tracing the exact origins of yodeling. He explains that it is not only a form of communication but also a unique style of singing that has continuously evolved.
Yodeling’s Unique Characteristics and Modern Appeal
Yodeling in Switzerland is distinct due to its vocal techniques. Räss describes two primary styles: one focusing on high-pitched sounds that resonate from the head, and another that emanates from deeper in the chest. The emotional range of yodeling varies across regions; for instance, the northern Appenzell region showcases a more melancholic style, while the central regions present shorter and more intense sounds.
Historically, yodeling was predominantly a male activity, with the tradition now witnessing greater female participation, reflecting broader social changes in Switzerland. Notably, women gained the right to vote only in the 1980s, a significant delay compared to many other European countries.
In an effort to ensure the future of yodeling, HSLU has introduced courses to teach this art form. As part of this initiative, Räss aims to integrate yodeling into primary school curricula. Currently, about 20 Swiss school teachers are already teaching yodeling to their students. “One of my life goals is that every school child in Switzerland will experience yodeling during their primary education,” she said.
A Global Context for Cultural Heritage Recognition
The recognition by UNESCO aims to enhance public awareness of cultural traditions, arts, and craftsmanship that are handed down through generations. In December, UNESCO’s committee for Intangible Heritage in New Delhi will evaluate 68 nominations from around the world. Other contenders for this prestigious status include Myanmar’s Thanakha face powder, Ghanaian highlife music, and the El Joropo music and dance tradition from Venezuela.
Unlike the UNESCO World Heritage List, which focuses on protecting significant physical sites such as the Pyramids of Giza, the intangible heritage list highlights cultural practices and traditions. Last year, Japan’s sake was among the honored traditions, alongside others like the Nowruz spring festival in Central Asia.
As Switzerland awaits UNESCO’s decision, the promotion of yodeling as a cultural treasure reflects a broader commitment to preserving and celebrating diverse heritages. The outcome could significantly impact the future of this unique vocal tradition, enhancing its visibility and fostering its continued evolution in the modern musical landscape.
