Research indicates that working beyond the traditional retirement age can lead to improved health and longevity. The case of renowned primatologist Jane Goodall, who continued to make around 300 public appearances annually into her 90s, exemplifies this notion. Goodall lived a purposeful life until her passing at age 91, prompting discussions about the benefits of extending one’s career rather than adhering to the conventional retirement age, which has generally decreased over the years.
In 1962, American men typically worked until the age of 66. Today, the average retirement age hovers just below 65, despite an increase in life expectancy of approximately nine years during that time. A new poll by the Longevity Project, set to be released in late March 2024 in collaboration with Corebridge Financial, reveals that 73% of American adults express concern over the prospect of working an additional ten years to support a lifespan of 100 years. Among younger respondents from Generation Z, this fear is even more pronounced, with 81% opposing the idea of extending their working years.
This reluctance is unfortunate, as research suggests that work in later life can provide significant social connections, a sense of purpose, and overall health benefits. A study involving approximately 83,000 older adults over 15 years found that individuals who continued to work past the age of 65 were up to three times more likely to report being in good health compared to those who retired earlier. Other studies have indicated that for healthy retirees, each additional year before retirement correlates with an 11% reduction in the risk of all-cause mortality.
While it is essential to recognize that not all work conditions are beneficial—especially high-stress or low-quality jobs—the positive impact of work on both physical and cognitive health is evident for many individuals. Part of the challenge lies in the perception surrounding longer careers. Many arguments for extended working years focus on the necessity of supporting retirement plans like Social Security. While these arguments hold merit, they often fail to resonate with the general public, who may not be inclined to work longer merely to support future generations.
Cultural attitudes towards work vary considerably across nations. In countries such as Japan and Korea, work is increasingly viewed as a remedy for loneliness and social isolation among older adults. Japanese companies, in particular, have adapted to this perspective by offering flexible and rewarding work opportunities for older employees. Although only about half of individuals aged 65 to 69 in Japan are still in the workforce, the connection between work and well-being remains strong.
It is crucial to acknowledge that the experience of retirement can differ significantly based on socioeconomic factors. For many blue-collar workers, retirement does not resemble idyllic portrayals often seen in advertisements. Instead, it may bring financial insecurity, loneliness, and associated health issues. Research indicates that only 17% of individuals without a college education report having six or more close friends, with 24% of those with a high school education or less lacking any close friends. This isolation is concerning, particularly in the context of the current loneliness crisis, which undermines the potential for healthy aging.
As society continues to grapple with these challenges, it is essential to foster a broader cultural understanding of the benefits of extended work. More companies should commit to supporting older workers, helping them maintain connections, purpose, and overall health. As highlighted by Kenneth Stern, founder of the Longevity Project and author of “Healthy to 100: How Strong Social Ties Lead to Long Lives,” the role of work in promoting social ties and longevity cannot be overstated. In an age where many seek meaningful engagement, encouraging longer careers may not only enhance individual well-being but also address larger societal issues related to aging populations.
