A new era in astronomical observation has commenced at the University of Hawaii with the launch of initial science operations for Robo-AO-2, a cutting-edge robotic laser adaptive optics system. Developed by the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy (IfA), this system is designed to significantly enhance the clarity of images captured from the night sky, correcting the distortions caused by Earth’s atmosphere. This advancement allows astronomers to observe hundreds of celestial objects each night with minimal human intervention.
Leading the project is Christoph Baranec, an astronomer renowned for his work in advancing adaptive optics technology at IfA. Reflecting on the achievement, Baranec stated, “Making Robo-AO-2 operational represents years of dedicated engineering and innovation. This system demonstrates how University of Hawaii facilities continue to pioneer technologies that eventually make their way to the world’s largest telescopes and space missions.”
Upcoming Celestial Events in December
As December approaches, skywatchers in Hawaii will have the opportunity to experience several celestial phenomena, notably the Geminids meteor shower. Considered one of the finest meteor showers of the year, it will peak during the night of December 13 into the early morning hours of December 14. Observers can expect to see as many as 120 meteors per hour. The Geminids differ from most meteor showers as they originate from the asteroid 3200 Phaethon, rather than comets. The meteors will be visible across the sky, radiating from the constellation Gemini, with optimal viewing conditions after midnight in areas free from light pollution.
Additionally, December 21 marks the winter solstice, the shortest day and longest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. Following the solstice, daylight hours will gradually increase, inviting evening observations of prominent star formations.
Stargazing Highlights and Cultural Significance
During the long nights of December, two significant Hawaiian star families will be visible: Kalupeakawelo and the Makali‘i star cluster. Kalupeakawelo, also known as the Kite of Kawelo, will be prominently displayed near the center of the sky during early evenings. This star line is part of the four major navigational star lines of the Polynesian Voyaging Society, symbolized by the Great Square of Pegasus. Surrounding Kalupeakawelo are the W-shaped constellation of ‘Iwakeli‘i (Cassiopeia) and the houselike Kamo‘i (Cepheus) to the north.
According to legend, Kawelo, a chief from Kauai, showcased his extraordinary abilities during a kite-flying contest, leaving spectators in awe. Kalupeakawelo serves as a reminder of his ingenuity and the rich ancestral knowledge associated with these stars. Meanwhile, the Makali‘i star cluster, known for its brilliant blue stars, greatly influences Hawaiian culture as a marker for the Makahiki season, a time dedicated to peace, rest, and harvest. The cluster will be visible just after sunset, steadily ascending through the night sky.
Adding to the December spectacle, both Saturn and Jupiter will shine brightly in the southern sky. Saturn’s striking rings can be observed through telescopes, while Jupiter, being the brighter and closer of the two gas giants, is easily visible to the naked eye. Stargazers equipped with binoculars can even spot Jupiter’s four largest moons—Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto—first observed by Galileo in 1610.
For early risers, the constellation Ka‘iwikuamo‘o will make its return to the predawn sky, rising in the southeast about an hour before dawn. This constellation carries profound cultural significance, as it served as a guide during voyages from the southern islands to Hawaii. The ‘Imiloa Astronomy Center of Hawaii in Hilo stands as a hub for informal science education, showcasing the intersection of astronomy and Hawaiian culture.
The launch of Robo-AO-2 and the upcoming celestial events highlight the University of Hawaii’s commitment to advancing astronomical research while celebrating the rich cultural heritage of the islands. As the December skies unfold, both amateur and seasoned stargazers will have the chance to engage with the wonders of the universe, deepening their connection to the stars above.
